3 Dimensional Plots of Electrical Forces
 
 
In this diagram we are looking at electrical forces in 3 dimensions.  This is a 3D version of the 2D dipole plotted on the main page.  Because we are plotting 3D vectors, we had to use a more powerful program than T3D, IBM Data Explorer on a UNIX workstation.  In IBM Data Explorer, we visually constructed a program which created the image.  This is more difficult than the point and click system in T3D.  The data is from the program jam3 written in Fortran 90.
Equations Visualized: 
  • Ex (x,y,z) = ((k*qc)*(x-x1))/r13 + ((k*-qc)*(x-x2))/r23
  • Ey (x,y,z) = ((k*qc)*(y-y1))/r13 + ((k*-qc)*(y-y2))/r23
  • Ez (x,y,z) = ((k*qc)*(z-z1))/r13 + ((k*-qc)*(z-z2))/r23
  • Magnitude (strength) of E = sqrt[(Ex)2 + (Ey)2 + (Ez)2]
  • Electric Potential: V(x,y,z) = (k*qc)/r1 + (k*-qc)/r2
"Ex" is force in x direction/test charge, "Ey" is force in y direction/test charge, "Ez" is force in z direction/test charge, "k" is Coulomb's constant, "qc" is the charge of the positive pole, "r1" = sqrt[(x-x1)2+(y-y1)2+(z-z1)2] is the distance between the positive pole and a test charge, "x1", "y1", and "z1" are the coordinates of the positive pole, "x", "y", and "z" are the coordinates of the test charge, "-qc" is the charge of the negative pole, "r2" = sqrt[(x-x2)2+(y-y2)2+(z-z2)2] is the distance between the negative pole and a test charge, "x2", "y2", and "z2" are the coordinates of the negative pole
 
 
 
In Data Explorer, the opacity can be manipulated.  The inner sphere is more opaque than the outer sphere; this allows one to look inside.  The vector arrows can also be changed in size and shape.
 
 
program jam3 
      use physics 
      use utility 
      implicit none  
      integer :: i, j, n 
      integer, parameter :: yd=50, xd=50, zd=50 
      real, parameter :: qe=1.602e-19 
      real :: q=1.0e10*qe 
      type (vec3d) :: point1, delta= vec3d(2,2,2) 
      character*8 :: filename='evec' 
      character*40 :: prompt = 'enter xi, yi, and zi' 
      real, dimension(xd) :: x 
      real, dimension(yd) :: y 
      real, dimension(zd) :: z 
      real, dimension(xd,yd,zd) :: v, vsum 
      type (vec3d), dimension(xd,yd,zd) :: f, fsum 
      open(unit=7,file=filename) 
      print *, prompt 
      read (*,*) point1%x,point1%y, point1%z 
      do i=1,xd 
          x(i)=delta%x*(i-1) 
      end do 
      do j=1,yd 
          y(j)=delta%y*(j-1) 
      end do 
      do n=1,zd 
          z(n)=delta%z*(n-1) 
      end do 
      call electricfield(f, point1, x, y, z, q)  
      call potential(v, point1, x, y, z, q)  
      fsum=f 
      vsum=v 
      point1%x=point1%x+20 
      point1%z=point1%z-20 
      call electricfield(f, point1, x, y, z, -q)  
      call potential(v, point1, x, y, z, -q)  
      vsum=vsum+v 
      call add(fsum,f) 
      call write_dx(x,y,z,filename,7) 
      do n=1, zd 
         do j=1, yd 
            do i=1, xd 
               write (7,*) fsum(i,j,n) 
               write (8,*) vsum(i,j,n) 
            end do 
         end do 
      end do 
      end program jam3 
 

      module utility 
! this module contains subroutines for writing header files 
      contains 

      subroutine write_asf(col,row,unitnum) 
! this subroutine writes ASCII special file headers 
! col contains column values and row contains row values 
! unitnum contains fortran unit number for output 
      real, dimension(:) :: col,row 
      integer :: unitnum 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) size(col), size(row) 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) 0,0 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) row 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) col 
      end subroutine write_asf 

      subroutine write_dx(x,y,z,name,unitnum) 
! header file for IBM data explorer 
      real, dimension (:) :: x,y,z 
      integer :: unitnum 
      character*(*) name 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) '# Data Explorer Header File' 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) '#' 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) 'object "data" array items',& 
       &size(x)*size(y)*size(z) 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) ' rank 1 shape 3' 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) ' type float' 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) ' data file ',trim(name), ',0' 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) ' attribute "dep" string "positions"' 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) 'object "pos" gridpositions counts',& 
      & size(x), size(y), size(z) 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) ' origin ', z(1), y(1), x(1) 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) ' delta ', 0, 0, x(2)-x(1) 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) ' delta ', 0, y(2)-y(1), 0 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) ' delta ', z(2)-z(1), 0, 0 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) 'object "con" gridconnections counts',& 
       & size(x), size(y), size(z) 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) ' attribute "element type" string "cubes"' 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) ' attribute "ref" string "positions"' 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) 'object "f1" field' 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) ' component "data" "data"' 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) ' component "positions" "pos"' 
      write (unit=unitnum,fmt=*) ' component "connections" "con"' 
      end subroutine write_dx 

      end module utility 


      module physics 
! this module contains physics subroutines 
      type vec2d 
         real :: x, y 
      end type vec2d 
      type vec3d 
         real :: x, y, z 
      end type vec3d 

! global constants for subroutines 
      real :: k=8.99E9, rad=1 

      interface potential 
         module procedure potential2D, potential3D 
      end interface 
      interface electricfield 
         module procedure electricfield2D, electricfield3D 
      end interface 
     interface add 
         module procedure addvec2d, addvec3d 
      end interface 
      contains 

      subroutine addvec2d(a, b) 
! this subroutine adds two 2d vectors 
! input: a,b 
! output: a 
      type (vec2d), dimension(:,:) :: a, b 
      a%x=a%x+b%x 
      a%y=a%y+b%y 
      end subroutine addvec2d 

      subroutine addvec3d(a, b) 
! this subroutine adds two 3d vectors 
! input: a,b 
! output: a 
      type (vec3d), dimension(:,:,:) :: a,b 
      a%x=a%x+b%x 
      a%y=a%y+b%y 
      a%z=a%z+b%z 
      end subroutine addvec3d 

      subroutine electricfield2D(e,point0,x,y,q) 
! this subroutine calculates 2D electric field of point charge 
! input variables are: point0,q,x,y 
! output variables are: e 
! point0%x and point0%y are locations of point charge 
! q is the charge in coulombs 
! x and y are locations in space where electric field is calculated 
! e%x and e%y are the components of the electric field 
      real :: v, r 
      real :: q 
      type (vec2d) :: point0 
      real, dimension(:) :: x, y 
      type (vec2d), dimension(:,:) :: e 
      do i=1, size(x) 
         do j=1, size(y) 
            r=sqrt((x(i)-point0%x)**2+(y(j)-point0%y)**2) 
            If (r<rad) r=rad 
            v=(k*q)/r**2 
            e(i,j)%x=v*(x(i)-point0%x)/r 
            e(i,j)%y=v*(y(j)-point0%y)/r 
        end do 
      end do 
      end subroutine electricfield2D 

      subroutine electricfield3D(e,point0,x,y,z,q) 
! this subroutine calculates 3D electric field of point charge 
! input variables are: point0,q,x,y,z 
! output variables are: e 
! Point0%x, point0%y, and point0%z are locations of point charge, 
! q is the charge in coulombs 
! x, y, and z are locations in space where electric field is calculated 
! e%x, e%y, and e%z are the components of the electric field 
      real :: v, r 
      real :: q 
      type (vec3d) ::  point0 
      real, dimension(:) :: x, y, z 
      type (vec3d), dimension(:,:,:) :: e 
      do n=1, size(z) 
         do j=1, size(y) 
            do i=1, size(x) 
               r=sqrt((x(i)-point0%x)**2+(y(j)-point0%y)**2+(z(n)-point0%z)**2) 
               If(r<rad) r=rad 
               v=(k*q)/r**2 
               e(i,j,n)%x=v*(x(i)-point0%x)/r 
               e(i,j,n)%y=v*(y(j)-point0%y)/r 
               e(i,j,n)%z=v*(z(n)-point0%z)/r 
             end do 
        end do 
      end do 
      end subroutine electricfield3D 

      subroutine potential2D(pot,point0,x,y,q) 
! this subroutine calculates 2D electrical potential of point charge 
! input variables are: point0,q,x,y 
! output variables are: pot 
! point0%x and point0%y are locations of point charge, 
! q is the charge in coulombs 
! x and y are locations in space where potential is calculated 
! pot is the electrical potential 
      real :: r 
      real :: q 
      type (vec2d) :: point0 
      real, dimension(:) :: x, y 
      real, dimension(:,:) :: pot 
      do i=1, size(x) 
         do j=1, size(y) 
            r=sqrt((x(i)-point0%x)**2+(y(j)-point0%y)**2) 
            If (r<rad) r=rad 
            pot(i,j)=(k*q)/r 
        end do 
      end do 
      end subroutine potential2D 

      subroutine potential3D(pot,point0,x,y,z,q) 
! this subroutine calculates 3D electrical potential of point charge 
! input variables are: point0,q,x,y,z 
! output variables are: pot 
! point0%x, point0%y, and point0%z are locations of point charge, 
! q is the charge in coulombs 
! x, y, and z are locations in space where potential is calculated 
! pot is the electrical potential 
      real :: r 
      real :: q 
      type (vec3d) :: point0 
      real, dimension(:) :: x, y, z 
      real, dimension(:,:,:) :: pot 
      do n=1, size(z) 
         do j=1, size(y) 
            do i=1, size(x) 
               r=sqrt((x(i)-point0%x)**2+(y(j)-point0%y)**2+(z(n)-point0%z)**2) 
               If (r<rad) r=rad 
               pot(i,j,n)=(k*q)/r 
            end do 
         end do 
      end do 
      end subroutine potential3D 
      end module physics 
 

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